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Table 1 Identification, validation, and function of 21 protein-coding genes in the B chromosomes from the studied species

From: Long-term persistence of supernumerary B chromosomes in multiple species of Astyanax fish

  A. scabripinnis A. paranae qPCR  
Gene gFC qPCR SNPs gFC qPCR A. bockmanni A. fasciatus Function
amhr2 1.8 1 7 0.9 1 0 1 Gonadal development
bt1a1 1.7 1 0 − 0.4 1 0 0 Unknown
ccnd3 1.2 1 0 −0.1 0 0 0 Cell cycle
ccpg1 0.9 1 9 1.3 1 1 0 Cell cycle
cia30 7.0 1 0 7.9 1 1 1 Mitochondrial
g2e3 5.7 1 0 5.0 1 1 1 Cell cycle
hem2 1.8 1 3 0.9 1 1 0 Biosynthesis
lap4a 1.5 1 0 1.1 1 1 0 Transport
mdm2 2.0 1 0 1.9 1 0 1 Indirect cell cycle regulation
mot1 1.0 1 1 1.6 1 1 0 Transport
msh4 1.6 1 21 1.4 1 1 1 Cell cycle
nobox 1.7 1 5 3.1 1 1 0 Cell cycle
numa1 2.7 1 0 2.5 1 1 1 Cell cycle
nusap1 7.3 1 0 3.9 1 1 1 Cell cycle
rnf17 1.3 1 2 1.9 1 1 1 Indirect cell cycle regulation
sbno2 5.9 1 0 6.8 1 1 1 Transcriptional coregulator
sh3d21 1.5 1 34 1.6 1 1 1 Unknown
simc1 3.1 1 25 2.0 1 1 1 Transcription factor
slc5a8 1.0 1 5 1.6 1 0 0 Transport
tshb 0.7 1 2 1.7 1 0 0 Hormone-mediated signaling pathway
urok 0.4 0 0 2.3 1 0 0 Plasminogen activation
Sum   20 114   20 14 11  
  1. NGS analyses were performed for the large metacentric of A. scabripinnis and A. paranae, and, additionally, qPCR tests for their presence on B chromosomes in A. bockmanni and A. fasciatus. Genomic fold change (gFC) was calculated as log2(1B/0B) of mean nucleotide coverage along transcript length in the 1B and 0B libraries. In the qPCR columns, 1 indicates qPCR validation of gene overabundance in 1B genomes compared to 0B ones